Graphene three-dimensional shaped body is more stable than diamond
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Graphene is a single-layered hexagonal 2D structure with each carbon atom attached to three other carbon atoms. This "planar triangular connection" gives it many unique properties, especially electrical properties, making it an excellent semiconductor material. The triangular connection of graphene produces an unusual phenomenon: the energy of the electron changes linearly with its momentum, causing the electron to behave like a motion close to the speed of light. The Dirac equation describes this relativistic electron, so the momentum value of the electron when it produces this behavior is called the "Dilacle point." Most material structures do not have a Dirac point. This linear behavior greatly affects the electron distribution and their interaction with the lattice vibration.
The researchers wanted to know how to extend the Dirac point on a carbon-based planar triangular structure into a three-dimensional space to form a Dirac ring. The Dirac ring has not been observed so far in the experiment, but it is predicted to exist in a few fine materials. According to the analysis, when the triangle-connected carbon atom chains are stacked vertically with each other, a Dirac ring can theoretically be formed. This arrangement is different from graphite. Although graphite is also a 3D structure, it is stacked one by one. Vertical stacked chains have many different dimensions because honeycomb hexagons have many possibilities for vertical and horizontal bonding. As with the simplest supercellular structure, only two carbon atoms are perpendicular to each other, and its lattice is a bit like a tiny double-sided bookcase.
Kiran Mullen of the University of Oklahoma said: "Our research has two meanings. First, this is the first simple system to show the Dirac ring. The Dirac ring is a property not seen in electronic systems. The way electrons flow through the system and their behavior in the magnetic field has a great impact. Second, the system brings many related systems, some are other carbon structures, some are similar to different physical systems, such as cold gases. The optical lattice of an atom may also find more unusual properties."
The 3D structure may make the supercellular allotropes extremely stable, even exceeding diamond and graphite. Mulun said: "We are trying to calculate its hardness (stretchability) and strength (fracture resistance)." They expect that the synthesis of this new family of carbon allotropes is a big challenge, but with the current technology is also possible. 