China's manufacturing industry and the development trend of international advanced manufacturing technology
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My report today is on the status quo of China's manufacturing industry and the development trend of international advanced manufacturing technology. It mainly introduces you from the perspective of the development of disciplines. My report is divided into four aspects, the first is the status quo of manufacturing; the second is the new challenges facing the manufacturing industry; the third is about the development trend of international advanced manufacturing technology; the fourth is the conclusion.
First, the status quo of manufacturing
As we all know, the manufacturing industry, especially the equipment manufacturing industry, is a pillar industry of the national economy and national defense construction and building an innovative country. It has important strategic and practical significance. China's manufacturing industry has achieved remarkable achievements, such as 300,000 tons of oil tankers, national defense bombers and fighters, but what I am talking about today is that China is already a big manufacturing country, and China's manufacturing industry has surpassed the United States since 2011. It has become the world's number one manufacturing power, but it is far from being a manufacturing power. Why not make a strong country? The main performance is that the ability to innovate is not strong. According to statistics, China's R&D investment accounts for 2.08% of GDP, which is already on the basis of the rapid development. However, compared with industrial developed countries, it is still low, and the United States has to add more than 2.9%. International investment, such as Sweden, is greater than 3%. In terms of enterprise R&D investment, the R&D investment of Chinese enterprises is on average 1.2%, and the international rules, not more than 3%, are unsustainable. The United States, Germany, and Japan were 4.9%, 2.9%, and 3.8%, respectively. China's entire R&D investment is very high, but we are 18%, 22%, 36% of Germany, the United States, and Japan in terms of per capita R&D investment. 80% of our current chips are imported, and 70% of our CNC systems are imported. In 2012 statistics, our country's machine tool exports were 2.75 billion US dollars, while imports were 13.66 billion US dollars, and recently remained at 1:6. This is the first question I want to talk about, so we need to upgrade manufacturing and develop high-end manufacturing.
Second, the new challenges facing the manufacturing industry
The second question is that China lacks core key technologies. The basic design and manufacturing technologies are weak, and the low-end surplus and high-end have not yet formed. China's large aircraft C919 is progressing very fast and is being assembled in Shanghai, but the engines inside are all dependent on imports. There are 16 major science and technology projects in China, one of which is high-end machine tools. We have invested in more than 400 projects, but many of them have not been accepted due to poor reliability. So we are still low-end surplus, high-end lack. In addition, our resources are wasted and pollution is serious. China's GDP accounted for 7.5% of the world's GDP in 2010. Our population accounts for 16.6% of the world. We rely on a large amount of energy and labor to achieve GDP of 7.5% of the world. The consumption is 2.6 times of the world's average energy consumption. Air pollution is very serious. China's resource waste and pollution must be improved.
Second, the manufacturing industry is facing new challenges. Industrial developed countries should re-develop their manufacturing industries. After the financial crisis, Western countries have been painstakingly thinking about it. It is both a challenge and an opportunity to develop a new round of technology and industrial revolution characterized by deep integration of information technology and manufacturing technology. For example, digital and intelligent manufacturing technologies have become the trend of international manufacturing development, including Internet technology, cloud computing, and big data. Recently, the United States claims that big data has great advantages, because the world’s supercomputers account for more than half of the United States. 80% of the world's important industrial software is developed in the United States. Many of our shipbuilding industry and aviation industry are developed by the United States. At the same time, the new development of new energy and new materials has also promoted the industrial revolution.
Let's look at the example of the United States. The US PCAST ​​is the US President's Science and Technology Advisory Committee. The United States proposed in 2012 to reinvigorate the manufacturing industry's leading position in the world and draw a road map. In March 2012, the United States announced the establishment of a manufacturing innovation network. This is the national research center, the first of which is 3D printing, digital manufacturing and design, and the manufacture of lightweight materials. The second phase is being piloted and plans to build 15.
The German Academy of Industrial Sciences has proposed Industry 4.0, which places special emphasis on applying the Internet of Things and services to the manufacturing sector, enabling self-predictive, self-maintaining and self-organizing learning. The United States and the United Kingdom are not far behind. For example, aviation engine enterprises are integrated into the development of the network, networked, digital, and intelligent. Aero Engines has evolved from manufacturing to service delivery, from manufacturing to modern manufacturing services.
Third, the development trend of international advanced manufacturing technology
Third, there are three major problems in the manufacturing industry. Industrial developed countries have to revitalize the manufacturing industry, and of course provide us with opportunities. I will focus on the development trend of international advanced manufacturing industry, which can be summarized into four aspects:
Trend 1, integration of manufacturing technology and high technology. I still use the example of an aero engine. Our engine needs to develop high temperature resistant technology. It needs to be cooled on the blade. The surface should be ceramic coated. This ceramic coating can maintain a high temperature of more than 300 degrees Celsius and can make the blade work at 1700 degrees Celsius. Temperature.
Trend 2 is now a more common digital and intelligent manufacturing technology. Everyone knows that the Boeing 777 is the first example of a line-free aircraft, all designed with computers. Recently developed to 787, our country has just introduced several, and the 787 has a part ahead of the 777. The development to 787, the research and development speed is good, the design speed is good, so the design, manufacturing, research and development life cycle is good. Here are some examples. For example, Boeing’s original 767 cost a lot of money and time. Now in the digital age, the use of supercomputers has greatly improved efficiency, which is a recent example. Regarding the issue of digitization and intelligence, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has long proposed that the past research and development cycle will take 12 years from the landing gear material of the aircraft to the industrialization of the landing gear. The time is too long. The US slogan is that the development of advanced manufacturing technology is half the original research and development cycle and half the original research and development cost. There are many more examples. General Electric Company uses supercomputer simulation optimization to simulate and optimize the combustion process of aero-engine nozzles with 50 to 1 million CPU time, which greatly reduces manufacturing costs. At this time, it is proposed to modularize the process organization performance, and it is predicted that the process is optimized before manufacturing. The United States has recently proposed material genetic technology, on the premise of developing an integrated computing materials engineering. Its goal is to reduce research and development costs and shorten the development cycle. For example, the blades of aero-engines can achieve a yield of about 80% to 90%. In this respect, we have also passed the National 973 and other projects. It is jointly developed by Tsinghua University and the Institute of Aeronautical Materials. For real aero-engine blades, we have adopted a process-organized exploration that can greatly reduce the scrap rate and improve the yield.
Let's talk about manufacturing again. In this regard, the United States has made great progress recently, and General Electric has mass-produced engine nozzles. Our country has also had a plan in recent years. For example, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics have done a good job in titanium alloy manufacturing, including recycling on the aircraft. It has already achieved a titanium alloy of 5 meters high and 3.5 meters wide. Component. Digitization and intelligence have become a manufacturing unit. General Secretary Xi talked about robots. At once, our robots are hot, but there are still a few key components in our country that are not mastered. For the manufacture of the cylinders of automobile engines, a unit is formed, that is, several robots are arranged beside the three machines. Therefore, the so-called intelligent, as I understand it, should be digital equipment, plus digital software, plus robots, to form a complete intelligent equipment.
Trend 3, Manufacturing Technology under Extreme Working Conditions. Our country has made the world's largest casting, 520 tons. The largest foreign country is 400 tons, and the required steel water is 280 tons. However, the quality of our castings is still quite different from that of foreign countries. Therefore, we have carried out research with China, which is how to eliminate the scrap rate.
Trend 4: Lightweight, precise, green manufacturing needs. As we all know, green sustainable manufacturing technology is simple and recycling. Therefore, green manufacturing and sustainable manufacturing are not only manufacturing, recycling, and remanufacturing, but should start from the source and start from simplification. Macroscopically, improving product quality, reducing scrap rate, increasing productivity, and reducing R&D investment are important components of green sustainable development. First, to develop lightweight manufacturing technology, new energy vehicles are the direction. However, we must also pay attention to the important characteristics of energy-saving vehicles. For every 10% reduction in vehicle weight, the thermal efficiency can be increased by 7%, and the pollution can be reduced by 10%. At present, China's automobile production is 20 million, and this year it is expected to reach 50,000 electric vehicles. Foreign cars have evolved from black alloys to aluminum alloys and titanium alloys. According to data released by General Motors in the United States around 2012, each car has been reduced by 325 pounds. Another advantage of using aluminum alloy is that green materials can be used.
Fourth, the conclusion
Finally, the conclusion is reached. First, manufacturing, especially equipment manufacturing, is an important industry for building innovative countries. China is already a big manufacturing country, but it is far from a manufacturing power. The manufacturing industry faces weak innovation capability, lack of core and key common technologies, waste of resources, and serious pollution. It is necessary to develop high-tech manufacturing technology, digital intelligent manufacturing technology, and ultra-large-scale micro-nanotechnology. China is making 2025 in China, and the stone of other mountains can be used to attack jade, but we should not copy it. Our goal is that by 2025, China will be able to enter the ranks of manufacturing powers from manufacturing powers. What is the symbol of making a strong country? First, we must have a strong industrial scale; second, we must have strong innovation capabilities; third, we must have an optimized industrial structure; fourth, we must have good quality and efficiency; and fifth, we must have sustainable development potential.