The US "201 Great Stick" shocks the global photovoltaic industry: Chinese companies are strong against
Food Additives Refers to the production of food by the food manufacturer in the process of adding some chemicals, used to change the color of food, smell, or adjust the food taste and prolong the preservation time (preservatives, antioxidants), but some will Leading to cancer, such as many of the meat material added by some of the substances in the stomach due to protein, stomach acid, additives generated by the interaction of nitrite, can lead to physiological and chronic lesions. These chemicals are known as food additives.
main effect
Food additives have greatly contributed to the development of the food industry, and known as the soul of the modern food industry, which is mainly to the food industry to bring many benefits, its main role is as follows:
1. Preserving to prevent deterioration such as: preservatives can prevent food spoilage caused by microorganisms, extend the shelf life of food, but also have to prevent the pollution caused by microbial poisoning. Another example: antioxidants can prevent or delay the oxidation of food deterioration, to provide food stability and resistance to storage, but also to prevent the possible harmful oil automatic oxidation of the formation. In addition, can also be used to prevent food, especially fruits, vegetables, enzymatic browning and non-enzymatic browning. These are the preservation of food is of a certain significance.
2. Improving the sensory properties of food The color, smell, taste, shape and texture of food are important indicators of food quality. Appropriate use of colorants, colorants, bleach, edible spices and emulsifiers, thickeners and other food additives, can significantly improve the sensory quality of food to meet people's different needs.
3. Maintain or improve the nutritional value of food in food processing properly add some of the natural nutritional range of food nutrition enhancer, can greatly improve the nutritional value of food, which prevent malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies, promote nutritional balance, improve People's health level is of great significance.
4. Increased variety and convenience of food The market now has as many as 20,000 kinds of food for consumers to choose, although most of these food production through a certain packaging and different processing methods, but in the production process, some color , Fragrant, taste with the whole product, mostly to varying degrees to add the coloring, aroma, seasoning and even other food additives. It is these a lot of food, especially the convenience of food supply, to people's lives and work to bring great convenience.
Now commonly used food pigments include two categories: natural pigments and synthetic pigments. Natural pigments come from natural, mainly extracted from plant tissue, and also include some pigments from animals and microbes. Synthetic pigment refers to the use of artificial chemical synthesis of organic pigment, mainly in coal tar separated from the aniline dye made of raw materials. In the course of a long period of Food Additive reporting process, because people do not recognize the harm of synthetic pigments, and synthetic pigments and natural pigments compared with bright color, strong coloring, stable nature and cheap, many countries in the The food processing industry generally uses synthetic pigments. With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people in the use of synthetic food in the food will not cause harm to human health questioned. At the same time, a large number of research reports that almost all of the synthetic pigment can not provide nutrients to the human body, some synthetic pigment and even endanger human health. Eat a fine snack, fast food lunch, fragrant hot dog, glance at the printing of exquisite packaging food on the nutritional table, you will find that each food has additive ingredients. It is understood that the conversion of fat, refined cereal products, salt, high fructose syrup four components in the processing of food is the most common, these ingredients harm the human health. Some if there are too much harm, such as: citric acid, aspartame, sodium Finland white pigment, vanillin, potassium ... basically no harm, as long as it is added But not excessive
Additives Food Additive,Food Grade Glycine,Food Additive Ethyl Maltol,Nutrition Enhancers SHANDONG ZHISHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD , http://www.zhishangpharma.com
This is the bridge in Jin Yong's martial arts novels. Today, in the Sino-US PV trade, the reality version is being previewed.
The reporter was informed that on April 27th, the US solar energy company Suniva asked the US International Trade Commission to apply "201 clause" to implement trade remedy for all solar photovoltaic products not manufactured in the United States and set a minimum import price. As soon as the news came out, the global photovoltaic market was rushing and the wind was coming!
Compared with the "double-reverse" clause, the US "Article 201" is more arbitrary and more lethal. If Suniva's application is approved, the global PV trade war will be fully upgraded, and the PV market will usher in an uncompromising catastrophe!
It is noteworthy that Suniva has just applied for bankruptcy protection, and its controlling shareholder is Shunfeng International Clean Energy, a subsidiary of China's mysterious capital, Zheng Jianming. Is this a war that the Chinese have provoked to fight the Chinese? What is the boss of Zheng, what are you going to do?
In this unprovoked war, will the balance of victory be biased toward China? The list of opposition statements of Chinese PV companies is accumulating one by one...
201 big stick: Suniva is also going to pull a back?
The so-called "Article 201" (US Section 201) is a notorious clause in the US Trade Act of 1974, which authorizes the President of the United States to take remedies to prevent or remedy damage when the domestic industry is threatened by import damage from other countries. Facilitate the necessary adjustments in the domestic industry.
Unlike the general anti-dumping regulations, clause 201 has a strong arbitrariness. Article 201 is established with three elements: confirming the increase in foreign imports, confirming the decline in market share or production of domestic products, and finally confirming that the first two are indeed relevant and causing damage.
Before the investigation, it is not necessary to prove whether the sales of imported products in the US market comply with relevant trade regulations, and it is not differentiated according to the number of imports from various countries. As long as the “serious damage†of American companies is determined to be caused by certain imported products. , you can determine the implementation of "punishment" measures.
It is learned that such "overlord clauses" were used in the Chinese steel industry in 2002, and the penalty tariffs ranged from 8% to 30%. Today, trying to lift this "big stick" again is the American solar company Suniva.
Suniva was founded in 2007 and is registered in Delaware, USA. Formerly, Suniva is a global leader in the development and manufacture of high-efficiency, low-cost batteries and components, and is involved in residential, commercial, and micro-utility solar power generation.
However, in the global market competition, especially in the rapid development of Chinese PV companies, Suniva is gradually being "taken on the beach." The financial report shows that for the year ended December 31, 2014, Suniva's net loss after taxation has reached $15.518 million.
In 2016, Suniva continued to lose money, and layoffs were one after another. As a last resort, Suniva filed a bankruptcy document with the US Bankruptcy Court on the 17th of last month. However, it was unexpected that Suniva filed a “201†trade remedy application 10 days later.
Obviously, Suniva attributed its bankruptcy to Chinese companies.
Suniva believes that “the continuous import of solar modules from other PV manufacturers in Southeast Asia to reduce costs†has seriously affected their business. This may be the reason behind Suniva's move to "make it a dead end."
Zheng Jianming: The mysterious capital behind Suniva
Suniva has stirred up bloody hurricanes in the global PV market, and the real big Boss behind it is Zheng Jianming, a mysterious capital from China.
Zheng Jianming is famous in the photovoltaic circle, but he is not a photovoltaic origin. The reporter learned that before his resignation in the early years, Zheng Jianming was an associate researcher at the Institute of International Technology and Economics of the Development Research Center of the State Council and deputy director of the Hainan Special Zone Times.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Zheng Jianming entered the Shanghai real estate market and developed the first batch of commercial housing apartments in Shanghai. When Hong Kong was hit by the financial turmoil in Southeast Asia in 1998, Zheng Jianming focused on speculating in office buildings in Hong Kong. Since 2002, he has earned HK$500 million in five years. He became a speculative master in Hong Kong.
In 2012, Zheng Jianming, a layman, entered the photovoltaic circle with a black horse posture and spent 199 million Hong Kong dollars to acquire 463 million shares of Shunfeng Optoelectronics listed in Hong Kong, replacing Chairman Tang Guoqiang as the largest shareholder and becoming the actual control of Shunfeng Optoelectronics. people.
Since then, Zheng Jianming has been attacking the city in the photovoltaic industry. He won a large number of LDK shares at the end of 2012 and successfully entered the board of directors of Saiwei. In May 2013, he spent more than 93 million yuan to acquire its photovoltaic assets from the bankruptcy and restructuring of Wuxi Suntech. Two months later, another 4.7 billion yuan was signed with Hairun Photovoltaic to sign a power station construction and power station purchase contract.
In 2015, it was the difficult time that Suniva ushered in Zheng Jianming's favor. In August 2015, Zheng Jianming’s Shunfeng International Clean Energy issued a statement that it will spend US$57.76 million to acquire a 33.13% stake in Suniva. Suniva will become its non-wholly owned subsidiary, and the merger consideration will be funded by US$12 million in cash. Payment is made by way of payment and issuance of the consideration shares.
Zheng Jianming’s move, the idea was to use Suniva to expand into the high-end market in North America to expand its global optoelectronics map, but it turned out to be a gamble, Zheng Jianming suffered heavy losses.
After Suniva filed for bankruptcy, Shunfeng International Clean Energy announced that it had confirmed an impairment loss of approximately RMB 259 million for Suniva's investment and confirmed a provision of approximately RMB 228 million for certain potential financial liabilities of Suniva.
The “board†of investment failure finally hit the ass of Chinese PV companies, which made Suniva draw the “201 clauseâ€.
Resolutely opposed: the list of sounds of Chinese PV companies is increasing...
This practice of Suniva has caused an uproar in the industry.
The minimum price protection applied by Suniva is set at $0.78/W for the first year and $0.40/W for the cell (the second, third and fourth years are 0.72, 0.37; 0.69, 0.34; 0.68, respectively). $0.33/W), this price is twice the current price in China, and is actually a 100% tariff.
According to US law, the US International Trade Commission needs to complete the judgment within 120 to 150 days after receiving the application, and deliver it to the President of the United States within 60 days. The US President has 30 days to decide whether to pass the execution. If the president finally signs the implementation, the implementation period will last for four years and can be extended for another four years. Its lethality will be far greater than the "double opposition" that has been raging in recent years.
Although Suniva's approach has met with a lot of opposition, such as the US Solar Energy Industry Association (SEIA) on behalf of 1,000 member companies, the "double-reverse" initiator - Germany's single crystal integrated photovoltaic module manufacturer SolarWorld also refused to support, However, the possibility of final approval of clause 201 is still very high.
Since President Trump took office, the US government’s trade protectionism and anti-globalization tendency have become increasingly obvious. The possibility of an escalation of Sino-US trade war is increasing. The “Article 201†may become the secret weapon of the Trump administration. One.
Today, Suniva took the opportunity to turn the "Slayer Dragon Knife" out and hand it to Trump...
Today's global photovoltaic industry has been in chaos.
On April 30, a spokesperson for the Chinese Ministry of Commerce said that in recent years, the United States has launched anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations on foreign PV products, and has provided relief measures for the US domestic industry. In this context, if the US side launches a safeguard investigation again, it will be the abuse of trade remedy measures and the excessive protection of domestic industries. If the US launches an investigation, it will also damage domestic related industries and affect workers' employment.
201 investigations will definitely hurt others. But the problem is that there are still few things that harm people in the trade war, such as photovoltaic "double opposition." Since the beginning of the rivers and lakes, it has been difficult to be peaceful. Chinese PV companies, are you ready?
Solemn prompt
As of May 12, there have been statements from Chinese PV companies that are firmly opposed. The following are the details of each company's statement (partial).
Statement of Trina Solar Limited on the investigation of the US industry's application for safeguards for imported PV products
On April 26, 2017, Suniva of the United States, in accordance with Section 201 of the US Trade Act of 1974, requested the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) to import global crystalline silicon photovoltaic products ( Initiation of safeguards investigations including intermediate products for batteries, components and production components. If the US government investigates the case and finally takes measures, it will directly affect the PV trade of the countries to the US.
Trina Solar Energy Co., Ltd. firmly opposes this and strongly urges the US government to treat it cautiously. It should not initiate an investigation on the import of PV products, and issue a statement as follows:
1. The current production of domestic PV manufacturers in the United States is far from meeting the needs of the US domestic market. If the United States adopts safeguard measures for PV products from all over the world, it will directly damage the interests of upstream and downstream US businesses and consumers, and affect domestic employment in the United States. It hinders the development and utilization of new energy sources around the world.
2. After the expansion of Suniva at the end of last year, it was not actually put into production. It entered bankruptcy restructuring in April this year. The investment mistakes and operational failures of individual companies are caused by their own mismanagement, and they cannot abuse the trade remedy rules in an attempt to obtain additional benefits.
3. Trina Solar as a leading global PV company supports fair competition and trade liberalization. This is the trend of the times and cannot be changed. We oppose any form of trade protection and resist trade barriers. The US Suniva company's application for 201 safeguards has been opposed by upstream and downstream US companies and users, and has also been opposed by PV companies in various countries. I hope that the US International Trade Commission and relevant departments can consider the interests of upstream and downstream enterprises and users in the United States, and comprehensively observe and analyze the actual situation of the global photovoltaic energy market.
We also called on all PV companies around the world to act together and resolutely oppose the US launch of the "201" investigation of imported photovoltaic products! Together to promote the healthy and orderly development of the photovoltaic industry!
Oriental Risheng issued a statement: Resolutely oppose the US launch of "201 clause" investigation
On April 26, local time, Suniva of the United States applied to the US International Trade Commission for a global safeguards investigation on imported crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and modules, and required trade remedy for all non-US-made solar photovoltaic products, setting a minimum import. The price, the first year of the terminal product component is set at 0.78 US dollars / watt, the battery price is 0.40 US dollars / watt.
As the world's leading supplier of photovoltaic power generation solutions, Dongfang Risheng firmly opposes the US investigation into the launch of “Article 201†on imported photovoltaic products, and issued the following statement:
1. Dongfang Risheng resolutely opposes the abuse of trade remedy clauses by individual PV companies in the United States. The real purpose of the trade security measures survey proposed by individual PV companies in the United States is to use trade remedy rules to save their own declining business performance, but this is not only the abuse of trade remedy rules, but also harmful to the healthy development of upstream and downstream industries. .
Second, with the intensification of global warming, the development of new energy sources based on photovoltaic power generation has become an inevitable trend. In this regard, Chinese PV companies have fully utilized their manufacturing and technological advantages to provide energy-efficient emission reduction and even provide a practical solution for global climate change governance.
3. If the United States accepts Suniva's application for filing a case under Section 201, the development of the US PV industry will be seriously dragged down. In particular, countless US workers who work in the PV industry will suffer significant losses and even face large numbers of unemployment. The risk will also seriously affect the sustainable and healthy development of the photovoltaic industry in the United States and the world.
Based on the above reasons, Dongfang Risheng called on the US International Trade Commission to urge relevant companies to adopt the correct way to deal with bankruptcy and take relevant rational measures. In the face of the company's own crisis, we should use a positive attitude to find out the crux of the problem and use reasonable and legal measures to get out of the crisis.
Sumida Energy's statement on the US “Article 201†investigation
On April 26 this year, Suniva, USA, filed a request from the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) for the import of global crystalline silicon photovoltaic products (According to Section 201 of the US Trade Act of 1974). Initiation of safeguards investigations including intermediate products for batteries, components and production components. Once the US government investigates the case and finally takes measures, it will directly affect the trade of US PV companies to the United States.
As the world's leading promoter and leader in clean energy application systems, Sumeda Energy is firmly opposed to the US launch of the “201 clause†investigation on imported photovoltaic products, and issued the following statement:
1. Sumeda Energy firmly opposes the abuse of trade remedy clauses by individual PV companies in the United States. The photovoltaic industry is an orderly competitive market, and individual companies should not attempt to abuse trade remedy rules to pay for their own business failures.
2. Sumeda Energy firmly defends trade freedom. According to a study released by the American think tank Peterson Institute for International Economics on the 9th, trade liberalization has brought about $2.1 trillion in revenue to the United States in the past 66 years, and the United States should continue to implement trade liberalization policies. If the United States adopts trade security measures for photovoltaic products from all over the world, it is expected to affect hundreds of thousands of relevant employees and households, which will harm the interests of downstream US businesses and consumers.
3. Solar energy has many advantages such as pollution-free and sustainable, and is of great significance for reducing pollution and carbon emissions, coping with climate change and achieving sustainable development. If the United States launches a survey on trade security measures for global photovoltaic products, it will not only hinder the sustainable economic development of the United States, but will also have a tremendous negative impact on the development of the global photovoltaic industry.
Sumei Group, a subsidiary of the World Top 500 and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, a subsidiary of China National Machinery Industry Corporation, has more than 10 years of experience in the clean energy industry and a long-term accumulation of comprehensive strength of “trade and industry technology†for nearly 40 years. The business philosophy of “open, win-win, and cooperation†continuously builds and exerts its own differentiated advantages in the industrial chain in various fields including clean energy, and simultaneously develops, cooperates and wins with upstream and downstream partners. It has substantially promoted the "going out" of China's intellectual and Chinese projects, and assumed the responsibility of China's central enterprises for the global energy economy and green life, fulfilling the obligations of China's central enterprises.
Sumeda Energy is firmly opposed to any form of trade protection and resists trade barriers. It is hoped that the US International Trade Commission will seriously consider the interests of the majority of American businesses and consumers and eliminate the negative impact of trade protectionism as soon as possible. At the same time, Sumeda Energy urged the Chinese government, the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant departments to take active and decisive measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises and strive for a reasonable and legal international fair trade environment for Chinese enterprises.
Jinko Energy firmly opposes the US launch of the "201 clause" investigation
On April 26, 2017, US solar company Suniva applied to the US International Trade Commission for a survey on safety assurance measures for global crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and modules in accordance with Article 201 of the US Trade Act of 1974 ("201 Safeguards Survey" ).
201 safeguards are trade remedies that are different from anti-dumping and countervailing investigations, and may include categories such as tariffs, minimum prices, and import quotas. Once the US President approves the recommendations of the International Trade Commission in the 201 safeguards survey and ultimately adopts trade remedy measures, the export of PV companies to the United States will be directly affected. As the world's leading solar photovoltaic company, Jingke firmly opposes the US investigation of the safeguard measures for PV products. The statement is as follows:
1. Jingke firmly opposes the abuse of trade remedy measures by individual PV companies in the United States. Individual companies intend to use trade remedy measures to offset their mismanagement losses. This is an abuse of trade remedy laws, a great damage to other fair competition companies in the PV market, and ultimately affects the innovation and development of the global energy structure. .
Second, the production of domestic PV manufacturers in the United States is far from enough to meet their domestic market demand. 201. Once implemented, the safeguards will not only have a major impact on the global PV manufacturing industry, but will also seriously damage the domestic PV product consumer industry.
Jingke has always supported fair competition and free and equal international trade, and is committed to the healthy development of the photovoltaic energy industry. The photovoltaic industry needs fair and equal market competition. Jingke calls on the Chinese government to help maintain the legitimate rights and interests of the photovoltaic industry in international trade.
Artes Solar Power Group firmly opposes the US statement on the initiation of the "201 clause" investigation on imported photovoltaic products.
On April 27, 2017, Suniva, the US solar company that just announced bankruptcy protection, filed a request from the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) to import global crystals under Section 201 of the US Trade Act of 1974. Silicon photovoltaic products (including batteries, components and intermediate products for production components) initiated safeguards investigations.
Artes Solar Power Group resolutely opposes the US investigation into the launch of “Article 201†on imported photovoltaic products, and issued the following statement:
1. Artes firmly opposes the abuse of trade remedy measures by individual PV companies in the United States. The investigation of the application of safeguard measures by individual solar energy companies in the United States and the intention to use the trade remedy rules to obtain additional benefits is an abuse of trade remedy rules. Trade protection can't save investment mistakes and operational failures caused by poor management of individual companies.
Second, the current production of domestic PV manufacturers in the United States is far from meeting the needs of the US domestic market. If the United States adopts safeguard measures for PV products from all over the world, it will directly harm the interests of downstream US businesses and consumers, and 260,000 US solar industry employees. And family livelihoods.
Third, the application of photovoltaic solar power generation is of great significance for humans to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, combat climate change, and achieve sustainable development. If the United States accepts Suniva's application for filing a case under Section 201, it will push the booming US solar industry into the "Dark Age", which will seriously hinder the US clean energy promotion process and will also seriously disrupt the world. The orderly development of the photovoltaic industry.
Artes firmly defends free trade, opposes any form of trade protection, and resists trade barriers. He hopes that the US International Trade Commission will seriously consider the interests of American companies and consumers and eliminate the negative impact of trade protectionism as soon as possible. At this time, Artes urges the Chinese government and the Ministry of Commerce to take active and decisive measures, intensify efforts to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises, and actively strive for a reasonable and legal international fair trade environment for Chinese enterprises.
At the same time, Artes also appealed to the global photovoltaic industry and the enterprises in the upstream and downstream industry chain to act together and send out our buzz: resolutely oppose the trade protectionism of the United States on the day! Resolutely oppose the US launch of the "201" investigation of imported photovoltaic products!
Yingli resolutely opposes the US launch of the "201 clause" investigation
On April 26, local time, Suniva, the US solar energy company that just announced bankruptcy protection, filed a request to the US International Trade Commission (USITC) to import global crystalline silicon photovoltaic products under the US Section 201 of the 1974 Trade Act. Initiation of safeguards investigations ("201" survey), including intermediate products for batteries, components, and production components. Once the US government investigates and finally takes measures, it will directly affect the PV trade of the countries in the United States.
As the world's leading solar photovoltaic company, Yingli resolutely opposes the US investigation into the launch of the “201 clause†trade protection measures for photovoltaic products. The statement is as follows:
1. Yingli resolutely opposes the abuse of trade remedy measures by individual PV companies in the United States. The photovoltaic industry is an industry that is completely competitive in the market. Only through rationalized free competition can a more scientific and rational market model be formed. Business operations and financial status are the result of market competition, and trade protection cannot save the business conditions of individual companies. On the contrary, any trade protectionism that restricts market opening will destroy the balanced development of the photovoltaic industry, and ultimately hinder the process of energy structure reform, and hinder the global strategic goal of achieving long-term energy conservation and emission reduction.
Second, Yingli firmly defends free trade and opposes trade barriers artificially set for any reason. In the current era of economic and trade globalization, the correct way for enterprises in various countries to cope with competition should be to find innovative methods, improve product quality, and improve corporate services. If the US launches the "Article 201" investigation, it will damage the relevant domestic industries, affect the employment of workers, and will have a great negative impact on a global scale.
Third, the photovoltaic industry is a strategic emerging industry that is related to global sustainable development, which is conducive to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving the global climate. Countries in the process of developing the photovoltaic industry belong to the community of interests. Only by continuing to strengthen cooperation among countries and avoiding trade barriers can we accelerate the process of clean energy promotion, promote the orderly development of the global photovoltaic industry, and create a situation of harmonious cooperation, mutual complementarity and win-win.
Yingli firmly defends free trade, opposes any form of trade protection, and resists trade barriers. He hopes that the US International Trade Commission will seriously consider the interests of American enterprises and consumers and eliminate the negative impact of trade protectionism as soon as possible. Yingli hereby appeals to the Chinese government to actively take all necessary and decisive measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China's PV and other export industries in the international market, and actively strive for a reasonable and legal international fair trade environment for Chinese enterprises.