Rice drought-resistant breeding technology

Due to frequent droughts during rice breeding in recent years, some rice areas have been unable to sow seedlings and transplanting due to drought and water shortage, resulting in a decline in rice production area and production. In order to raise rice seedlings under drought and water shortage and ensure rice yield, it is extremely urgent to master rice drought-resistant breeding technology. To master the rice drought-resistant breeding technology, the main cultivation measures should focus on the following aspects:

1. Select drought-tolerant rice varieties. Generally, upland rice is more drought-tolerant than common rice varieties; large-ear-small-small-type cultivars are more resistant to drought than small-eared cultivars; hybrids are more resistant to drought than conventional species, and it is necessary to use rice varieties with developed roots, strong drought tolerance and suitable growth period. . Dryland can be used for dry rice cultivation in arid areas.

2. Focus on breeding. Centralized breeding is a new way of breeding. This method can save the cost of breeding, facilitate management, improve management efficiency, facilitate the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and ensure the quality of seedlings. Generally, the selection of near-water sources for centralized breeding is convenient for technical guidance, which is conducive to the cultivation of many dwarfs and strong scorpions. Not only can we achieve regular breeding, but also save 30%-40%.

3. Dry and breeding. Choose a vegetable bed with flat terrain, leeward sun, fertile soil, loose and breathable, and convenient water source. Before sowing, the bed soil is watered to a saturated state, and the seed is planted in time after germination. Then, according to 90-120 grams per square meter, the seeding should be uniform. After sowing, cover the soil with fine bed soil, and pour the soil into the water to carry out dry management.

4. Chemical dressing. Due to drought and high temperature, the wintering base of pests may lead to the early occurrence of diseases and insects, especially aphids and locusts. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and reporting to ensure the rice yield according to the pests and diseases, and the effect of dressing with pesticides is good. For example, on the basis of dry and thin diet, the seeds of the germination whitening or the dry-care nanny coating are evenly spread by the dry nurse. After the sowing, the seeds are pressed into the mud or covered with fine soil, and the net special weeding is applied to the field. The agent is covered with agricultural film to keep warm after spraying. According to the growth and drought conditions of the seedlings, spray 1 to 2 times of paclobutrazol from the 3 leaf stage, use 300ppm of paclobutrazol WP 60kg per acre, and spray evenly to promote the control length. In the same case, the age can be extended for 10 days. the above.

5. Wait for the rain to transplant. Choose dry land or vegetable fields with rich organic matter and loose texture, and use winter rice fields as paddy fields. The seedbed is finished 5-7 days before sowing, and the ditch is made according to the standard of 1.2 m wide and 0.3 m wide. The flat surface is required to be straight. For drought-tolerant or drought-tolerant varieties, the seeds should be soaked, soaked, and disinfected. They can be sown with buds, white seeds or soaked seeds. The amount of dry rice per square meter is 100 grams of conventional rice, 60 grams of early hybrid rice, and 40 grams of single-season late rice. One day before sowing, 75 grams of Zhuangzi nutrient solution should be applied per square meter of seedbed. When applying, mix the strong sputum and a small amount of fine soil (1.5 kg per 7.5-10 kg of fine soil) and spread it evenly on the surface of the seedbed. Stir well to prevent direct contact between the seed and the seed. Sprinkle the water before the sowing, reach the soil to fully absorb water, and then sow. After sowing, use the sieve to cover the seeds. After compaction, sprinkle the topsoil with a kettle (or coarse nozzle), and do not expose the exposed soil. Spray the herbicide after covering the soil. Then the cover film is kept moisturized and moisturized, and the mulch is mainly composed of closed heat preservation; from one leaf to two leaves, temperature control and humidity control, the maximum temperature in the film is controlled below 30 °C, and the two sides are ventilated at sunny, and still rainy days. It is necessary to cover the mulch and promote the seedlings to be strong. If the drought is long, during the dry nursery, sprays such as paclobutrazol can be sprayed to prevent the seedlings from growing, promoting the seedlings to be short, the roots are developed, and the elasticity of the ageing is prolonged. The seedlings can wait until the rainy season to re-insert. There will be no problems such as weak seedlings and early spikes. Apply fertilizer to the body 3-4 days before transplanting, and apply 10 grams of urea or compound fertilizer per square meter of seedbed.

6. Dry tillage and transplanting fields. 5-7 days before the rainy season, use dry or wet fields to cultivate the land, wait for the rainy season to come, supplement the shallow water layer to level, apply the base fertilizer before transplanting, apply 750-1000 kg of pig cows or cake fertilizer per mu. Kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 40 kg, KCl 10 kg, pure nitrogen 7.2-8.4 kg (urea). The seedlings can be transplanted in time under suitable conditions for transplanting.