New design of lithium battery may reduce dependence on rare metals

According to the latest issue of Nature Materials, in order to develop alternatives to lithium-based batteries and reduce dependence on rare metals, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States have developed a promising new cathode and electrolyte system with low cost The transition metal fluorides and solid polymer electrolytes replace expensive metals and traditional liquid electrolytes.

The new cathode is made of iron fluoride active material and solid polymer (a kind of plastic) electrolyte nanocomposite. To make this cathode, the researchers developed a method of infiltrating a solid polymer electrolyte into a prefabricated iron fluoride electrode, and then hot pressing the entire structure to increase density and reduce voids. The polymer-based electrolyte has two outstanding advantages, one is its ability to bend and adapt to the swelling of iron fluoride during cycling, and the other is that it can form a very stable flexible interface with iron fluoride, which solves the problem of using fluorinated batteries Key issues such as iron expansion and a large number of side reactions.

The researchers tested several variants of the new solid-state battery to analyze its performance at more than 300 charge and discharge cycles at 50 ° C. As a result, it was found that the key to enhancing battery performance is the solid polymer electrolyte. When used with solid polymer electrolytes, metal fluorides show extraordinary stability even at high temperatures. This is expected to lead to safer, lighter and cheaper lithium-ion batteries. In addition, the lithium capacity of iron fluoride is more than twice that of traditional cobalt-based or nickel-based cathodes. And iron is 300 times cheaper than cobalt and 150 times cheaper than nickel.

In the future, researchers will continue to improve and develop new solid electrolytes to achieve fast charging, and integrate solid and liquid electrolytes in new designs to be fully compatible with traditional battery manufacturing techniques used in large battery factories. (Reporter Feng Weidong)

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