Common mistakes and prevention of crop fertilization
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Judging from the manifestation of fat damage, there are basically the following aspects.
The first is the damage caused by excessive Fertilizer concentration. Generally speaking, vegetables need more fertilizer than crops such as grain, cotton and oil, but their demand is also limited. If blind fertilizer is applied, if the salt concentration in the soil solution reaches 3000 mg/kg water, the vegetables will be made. Reverse osmosis occurs, and physiological drought occurs, causing burns to vegetables. Another example is that the grain and cotton crops are over-fertilized, and the light vegetative growth is too fast, which is prosperous or mad, and the heavy ones cause pests and diseases. For example, grasses such as rice require less boron and are less sensitive to boron. If the boron content in the aqueous solution exceeds 1 mg/kg, the rice plants will exhibit boron poisoning symptoms.
The second is toxic gas damage. In the field crops, the symptoms of gas poisoning are less, and poisoning damage occurs in vegetables grown in greenhouses. If some farmers use too much bio-organic compound fertilizer in greenhouse vegetables, or unfertilized farm organic fertilizer; some applications of higher content of diammonium phosphate or ammonium chloride, will produce ammonia in the conversion process, When the ammonia concentration in the shed exceeds 5%, the vegetable leaves will be damaged.
The third is the damage caused by improper fertilization. Some farmers think that the closer they are to the field crops or the roots of the vegetables, the faster the fertilizer will be absorbed. Therefore, when the fertilization is carried out, the roots are ditched or punched, and the roots of the roots are burned. After the farmers planted the cotton seeds with superphosphate, they were planted overnight, and the cottonseed germs were eroded by acid; some farmers used urea as the Base Fertilizer when they were used for cotton nutrition, and all the cotton seeds would rot.
The fourth is the damage of the proportion of fertilization. When a certain nutrient element is applied excessively, it will inhibit another element from functioning. For example, when phosphorus or potassium is excessive, antagonism will occur.
In order to prevent crops from affecting yield and quality due to improper fertilization, the following points should be mastered in fertilization techniques.
First, apply soil census results to improve the level of balanced fertilization. The nutrient status of different soils is not the same. According to the local soil census data, nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen supplementation, phosphorus deficiency and potassium supplementation, and phosphorus supplementation are required to provide full-fertilizer fertilizer for crop growth.
Second, increase the application of Organic Fertilizers to improve soil fertility. In addition to the nutrient content, soil fertility also has good water, temperature, ventilation and fertilization capacity, while the addition of Organic Fertilizer is the basis for improving soil comprehensive fertility.
Third, the use of granular slow release fertilizer to provide nutrients smoothly. Granular fertilizers, especially organic matter-based multi-particulate fertilizers and slow-release fertilizers, have a transformation process for nutrient release, thus avoiding or reducing fertilizer damage.
Fourth, the fertilizer is applied throughout the whole process, and the fertilizer is applied in a limited amount. The absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops have their own laws, and it is necessary to apply fertilizers in stages to achieve fertilization as needed.
(Yu Hongzhang, Senior Agronomist, Agricultural Bureau of Xiaogan City, Hubei Province)