China National Standard for Fruit Pesticide Residues
The level of pesticide residues is an important factor in measuring the quality of fruits. Fruit pesticide residue standards (including limit standards and measurement standards) provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and determination of pesticide residues in fruits. Many countries and some important international organizations have issued and implemented standards for their pesticide residue limits. In China, the formulation of national standards for pesticide residues in fruits started late, beginning in the late 1970s. After more than 20 years of hard work, we have achieved gratifying results. We have issued and implemented a large number of national standards for residue limits and determination methods for pesticides in fruits. It is briefly summarized as follows for reference to fruit production, management and quality supervision and inspection units. Below Steel Structures Building Steel Structure,Steel Structure Warehouse,Steel Warehouse Fenghua Jade Motor Co., Ltd. , http://www.china-steel-structure.com
I. Residue limit standard
As of the end of September 1999, China has issued 18 national standards for pesticide residues related to fruits (all mandatory national standards), involving 50 kinds of pesticides, including 31 pesticides and 8 fungicides. There are 7 kinds of agents, 2 kinds of herbicides and 2 kinds of nematicides. Among them, DDT, BHC, fenthion, phorate, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, parathion, dimethoate, malathion, phoxim, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, dichlorobenzene 27 kinds of pesticides such as fenmethrin, acephate, methamidophos, diammonone, anti-carbamate, fluvalfenate, captan, trichlorfon, and imipenem all have the same residue for all fruits. Limited value; deltamethrin, acesulfame, quetiapine, ketone, phenbutyltin, diflubenzuron, ketone, thiazolone, cyhalothrin, triazole tin, butyl thiocarbamate 19 kinds of pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, acetophenone, bromo oxime ester, chlorpyrifos, chlorhexidine, paraquat, tianfengsan, thiabendazole, etc. on citrus, phenbutyltin, diflubenzuron, mancozeb 11 kinds of pesticides such as zinc, ketone, thiazolone, cyhalothrin, triazole tin, chlorpyrifos, amitraz, bromo oxime, and iprodione on pear fruit, mancozeb and metalaxyl to small grain fruit , deltamethrin is specially prescribed for the edible fruit of the skin and the cold fungus for the banana.
Among the 50 pesticides, organophosphorus is the most abundant, including fenthion, phorate, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, parathion, dimethoate, malathion, phoxim, acephate, methamidophos. , asiatic, trichlorfon, imipenem, isocarbophos, quetiapine, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, rice flour and keda, a total of 19 species, accounting for 38%; followed by organic nitrogen (including captan, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl, thiabendazole, iprodione and apollo) and carbamates (including methomyl, butyl thiocarb, anti-carbocarb, carbendazim, Both carbaryl and carbofuran, each of which is 12%, each accounting for 12%; again pyrethroids, including permethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, cyhalothrin and fluocyanide There are 5 kinds of pyrethroids, accounting for 10%; there are 14 kinds of other pesticides such as organic chlorines and organic sulfurs, accounting for 28%. From the release time point of view, except for the release of GB2763-81 in 1981, the rest were concentrated in the 1990s, including 13 in 1994, three in 1996, and one in 1998. Among the 18 standards, GB4788-94, GB5127-1998 and GB2763-81 replace the original GB4788-84, GB5127-85 and GBn53-77, respectively. In addition, some standards were formulated with reference to international advanced standards. GB16333-1996 and GB15194-94 refer to CAC CXPR2-1992 "Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides", and GB14968-94 refers to CAC/VOL.XIII. -Ed.2 and Sup.1z&2.
Second, the standard of measurement methods
Among the 50 pesticides mentioned above, dichlorvos, dimethoate, parathion, methionate, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, carbaryl, carbendazim, imipenem, phoxim, methamidophos, acetyl 22 kinds of pesticides such as methamidophos, anti-carbocarb, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, permethrin, diammonium, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, acesulfame, quetiapine and triadimefon Test methods have been provided in their residue limit standards (both national standards); diflubenzuron, rice flour, chlorpyrifos, hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, amitraz, dichlorvos, phorate, diazinon, The national standards for determination methods have been published for 14 kinds of pesticides such as sulphate, dimethoate, quetiapine, parathion and chlorpyrifos. In addition, cyhalothrin (GB/T17332-1998) and malathion and chlorpyrifos (GB/T17331-1998) can refer to the determination method of vegetable samples. In addition to the above pesticides, thiabendazole, paraquat, methomyl, metalaxyl, iprodione, bromo oxime ester, chlorpyrifos, thiocarbamate, triazole tin, thiazolone, ketone, There are no corresponding national standards for the determination of 19 pesticides such as mancozeb, phenbutyltin, captan, apollo, glyphosate, ketan, trichlorfon and fluvalerate. The implementation of the national standards for residue limits is very unfavourable and should be improved as soon as possible. Among the national standards for these determination methods, except for GB14875-94, GB14876-94, GB14878-94 and GB14879-94, which are mandatory national standards, the rest are recommended national standards. Some standards also provide methods for determining the residual amount of other pesticides, such as GB/T16340-1996 (chitosan), GB/ and 4553-93 (quick-phosphorus, iso-pigmentation, methyl parathion, bromine-sulfur Phosphorus), GB/T5009.20-1996 (quick phosphorus, monocrotophos, paclitaxel, phosphorus, pyrithione, methyl pyrimidine, rice glutinous, quetiapine, methaqualan , gram phosphorus, ethion) and so on.
It is worth mentioning that some standards are negligent in providing inspection methods. For example, GB14969-94 stipulates that the inspection of citrus in the citrus is carried out according to GB5009.20 (now replaced by 5009.20-1996), and the fruit specified in GB16319-1996 The test of the medium-hundred worms is carried out according to GB5009.20 (now 5009.20-1996). The test of malathion in fruits is carried out according to GB/T5009.20-1996, but in fact GB5009.20 and GB There are no methods for determining three pesticides in /T5009.20-1996. Emergency is perfect.
Third, there are problems and suggestions
China's fruit pesticide residue determination method standards and pesticide residue limit standards are not well coordinated. Of the 50 pesticides that have established residue limit standards, 21 pesticides have neither provided test methods nor standards for measurement methods. This is extremely unfavorable for the implementation of the pesticide residue limit standard for fruits, and it is impossible to detect the residual amount, and it is impossible to evaluate whether the content exceeds the residue limit standard. Therefore, in the formulation of national standards for pesticide residues in fruits, attention should be paid to the importance and coordination of the two, preferably in the residue limit and the ECPR of the European Community, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization is equal to the general standard, so that the standard of pesticide residue in China is limited. It is difficult to achieve international standards. This situation is not conducive to the implementation of China's fruit pesticide residue limit standards and the promotion of China's fruit health quality upgrade, but also will have a negative impact on China's fruit import and export trade (especially after joining the WTO). It is recommended that in the formulation of national standards for pesticide residues in fruits, residue limits should be specified for fruits of different tree species for implementation. In addition, in the future, while overcoming too general, we should also pay attention to the international advanced standards, so that the standards we have developed have certain advanced nature. At present, although China has developed a residue limit standard for 50 pesticides in fruits, the pesticides applied on fruit trees in China and the pesticides residues in fruits are not the same. It is necessary to speed up the pace and strive to improve in a short period of time. .