The development trend of the 14th machine tool technology

1. High speed of machine tools

With the wide application of industrial light alloy materials such as automobiles and aerospace, high-speed machining has become an important development trend of manufacturing technology. High-speed machining has the advantages of shortening processing time, improving machining accuracy and surface quality, and is increasingly used in mold manufacturing and other fields. The high speed of the machine tool requires a new CNC system, a high-speed motor spindle and a high-speed servo feed drive, as well as optimization and weight reduction of the machine structure. High-speed machining is not just the equipment itself, but the integration of machine tools, tools, tool holders, fixtures and CNC programming techniques, as well as personnel quality. The ultimate goal of high-speed is to be efficient, and the machine tool is only one of the keys to achieving high efficiency, not all, and the production efficiency and efficiency are on the “knife tip”.

2. Precision of machine tools

According to the machining accuracy, the machine can be divided into ordinary machine tools, precision machine tools and ultra-precision machine tools, and the machining accuracy is doubled every 8 years. The positioning accuracy of CNC machine tools is about to bid farewell to the micron era and enter the sub-micron era. Ultra-precision CNC machine tools are marching toward nanometers. In the next 10 years, precision and high-speed, intelligent and miniaturization will merge into a new generation of machine tools. The precision of machine tools is not only an urgent need for industries such as automobiles, electronics, and medical devices, but also directly related to the modernization of defense industries such as aerospace, missile satellites, and new weapons.

3. From process compounding to complete processing

In the 1970s, the processing center opened the first step in the integration of multiple processes, and now it has developed into a complete process, that is, the complete processing of complex parts on one machine. Complete machining is integrated through the process, and a part process is completed in one loading. Since the number of times of loading is reduced, the processing accuracy is improved, the process is highly reliable, and zero defect production is realized. In addition, the complete processing shortens the process chain and auxiliary time, reduces the number of machine tools, simplifies material flow, improves the flexibility of production equipment, and has a small total production area, making investment more efficient.

4. Informationization of machine tools

The typical case of machine tool informationization is Mazak410H, which is equipped with an information tower to realize the self-management of the workplace. The tower has communication functions such as voice, text and video. Networking with the production planning and dispatching system to download work orders and machining programs. When the workpiece is cut, the machining process can be observed on the screen. The information tower reflects the working status and processing progress of the machine in real time and can be queried by mobile phone. The information tower simultaneously performs statistical analysis of work data and tool life management, as well as fault alarm display and online help elimination. Machine operation authority must be confirmed by fingerprint.

5. Intelligentization of machine tools - measurement, monitoring and compensation

Machine tool intelligence includes online measurement, monitoring and compensation. The position detection and closed-loop control of CNC machine tools is a simple application case. In order to further improve the machining accuracy, the circular motion accuracy of the machine tool and the spatial position of the cutter head can be compensated by inputting the numerical control system after the ballbar and laser measurement. Future CNC machine tools will be equipped with various miniature sensors to monitor the error caused by cutting force, vibration, thermal deformation, etc., and automatically compensate or adjust the working state of the machine to improve the working accuracy and stability of the machine.

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