Two major earthquakes in Japan

Great East Japan Earthquake

On March 11, 2011, at 14:46 local time in Japan, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale hit Japan’s northeastern sea area and triggered a tsunami, causing heavy casualties and property damage. The epicenter of the earthquake is located in the Pacific Ocean to the east of Miyagi Prefecture, with a focal depth of 20 kilometers. Tokyo has a strong sense of tremors. The earthquake-induced tsunami affected much of the Pacific coast. The earthquake caused a nuclear leak in units 1 to 4 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan. On April 1, the Japanese Cabinet of Ministers decided to call the earthquake the "Great East Japan Earthquake." As of 19:00 a.m. local time, the earthquake and the tsunami that it caused have confirmed that 14,063 people were killed and 13,691 people were missing.

Name: Great East Japan Earthquake
Time: Japan time March 14, 2011 14:46 (Beijing time March 11, 2011 13:46
Location: Northeastern Japan
The latitude and longitude of the epicenter: 38.1 degrees north latitude and 142.6 degrees east longitude
Depth of source: 10 km
Magnitude: 9.0 on the Richter scale
Epicenter intensity: IX degrees
Number of casualties: 14063 deaths and 13691 missing (19 April 2011, April 19)

Disaster Background Information The 9.0-magnitude earthquake on the northern part of Miyagi Prefecture in the northeastern region of Japan is probably the strongest earthquake in Japan since the earthquake records. Due to its location at the junction of the tectonic plates, Japan has always been a country with frequent earthquakes. Countless earthquakes that have caused heavy casualties in history have occurred. The first major earthquake that Japan experienced in the 20th century occurred on September 1, 1923. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake hit the Kanto region of Japan. The affected cities included Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Shizuoka and Yamanashi. As a result, 15,843 people were killed, more than 2 million people were made homeless, and the economic loss was 6.5 billion yen. In the 70 years since then, there have been dozens of magnitude 7 or more earthquakes in Japan. The large number of casualties included the 7.3-magnitude earthquake on March 7, 1927 in Kyoto, western Japan, killing 2,925 people. On March 3, 1933, an earthquake measuring 8.1 on the Richter scale hit the northern land of Honshu Island, killing 3008 people. On September 10, 1943, a 7.2-magnitude earthquake on Tottori Prefecture on the west coast of Japan caused 1,083 deaths. On December 7, 1944, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake hit the Pacific coast of central Japan, killing 998 people. On January 13, 1945, an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale near Nagoya in central Japan caused 2,306 deaths. On December 21, 1946, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred in a large area of ​​western Japan, killing 1,443 people. The Great Hanshin Earthquake on January 17, 1995 was the worst earthquake in Japan since the Great Kanto Earthquake. It was even known as the greatest catastrophe that was experienced by Japan in the 20th century except for the atomic bomb. The magnitude of the earthquake in Kobe City and its neighboring areas in western Japan was 7.3. However, due to the epicenter of the earthquake in a densely populated and architecturally populated urban area, the number of deaths and disappearances reached 6,437, and the economic loss amounted to 100 billion U.S. dollars. Wave of destruction
The first major earthquake in Japan in the 21st century occurred on October 23, 2004 in Niigata, Japan, with a magnitude 6.8 earthquake. 67 people died. Just two days before the devastating earthquake in Miyagi prefecture, on March 9th, a 7.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the eastern coast of Honshu, Japan, or the "pre-shock" of the earthquake. Beijing time March 11, 2011 13:46:26 second \ March 11, 2011, Japan local time 14:46:26 seconds, occurred in the western Pacific Ocean 9.0 Richter scale earthquake, the epicenter was located at 38.1 degrees north latitude. At 142.6 degrees east longitude, the source depth is about 10 kilometers, which is a shallow source earthquake. According to statistics, the 9.0-magnitude earthquake has been the third highest in the world since its own record. The 9.5-magnitude earthquake in Chile in 1960 and the 9.2-magnitude earthquake in Alaska in 1964 ranked first and second respectively. The Japan Meteorological Agency immediately issued a tsunami warning that the quake would trigger a tsunami of about 6 meters in height and was revised to 10 meters. According to follow-up surveys, the tsunami reached a maximum of 24 meters. Although there are occasional earthquakes in a small part of Beijing, there will be no significant impact on the Chinese mainland. However, the tsunami that this earthquake may trigger will affect most parts of the Pacific Ocean. Since this earthquake occurred in the western Pacific Ocean, it is far from China, and the nature of the Chinese continental shelf determines that there is a relatively shallow sea area at this distance. So there will be no obvious impact on the mainland.
Earthquake Level The magnitude 9.0 Richter scale earthquake in the western Pacific Ocean occurred on the afternoon of the 11th on the 11th in the Western Pacific Region. Tokyo felt a strong earthquake. The Japan Meteorological Agency has issued a high-level tsunami warning to the Pacific coast of Honshu Island. According to observations by the Japan Meteorological Agency, the earthquake occurred at 14:46 local time on the 11th (Beijing time at 13:46 on the 11th) and the epicenter was located in the western Pacific Ocean east of Miyagi Prefecture.
Aftershocks

Fukushima nuclear power plant

The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant is currently the largest nuclear power plant in the world. It consists of one station in Fukushima and two stations in Fukushima. There are a total of 10 units (6 stations at one station and 4 stations at 2 stations), all of which are boiling water reactors. Due to the Great East Japan Earthquake, the destruction of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was extremely serious. A large amount of radioactive material leaked to the outside. Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Yoshino declared that the No. 1 to No. 6 units of the first nuclear power station will be permanently abandoned. Yumi Amano, general secretary of the IAEA of the United Nations nuclear watchdog, said that the development of the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan is "very serious." The French Agency for Nuclear Safety had previously classified the nuclear leakage in Fukushima, Japan as Level 6. On April 12, 2011, the Japan Atomic Energy Security Agency designated the Fukushima nuclear accident at the highest level according to the International Nuclear Incident Rating Scale.

Chinese Name: Fukushima Nuclear Power Station
Foreign Name: Fukushima Daiichi Atomic Energy Institute Incident
Aliases: Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
Area: Fukushima Industrial Area, Futaba-gun, Japan
Area under jurisdiction: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Reactor category: Single-cycle boiling water reactor
Use fuel: Mixed oxide fuel

Location Fukushima nuclear power plant location Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant Location: Dasancho, Futago-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan Longitude: 141 degrees 01 minutes 57 seconds east longitude, 37 degrees 25 minutes 17 seconds north latitude. The location of the Fukushima Second Nuclear Power Plant is located in Aya-cho and Tomioka-cho, Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Longitude and latitude: 141 degrees 01 minutes east and 16 seconds east, 37 degrees 19 minutes and 10 seconds north latitude. Fukushima Nuclear Power Station (Fukushima Nuclear Powe Fukushima Nuclear Power Station Satellite Picture
[1] r Plant) is located at 37 degrees 25 minutes 14 seconds north latitude, 141 degrees 2 minutes east longitude, and is located in Fukushima Industrial Area, Japan. It is currently the world's largest nuclear power plant, consisting of one station in Fukushima and two stations in Fukushima. There are a total of 10 units (6 stations at one station and 4 stations at 2 stations), all of which are boiling water reactors. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan announced on March 12, 2011 that Japan was affected by the 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the radioactive material at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant leaked. On April 11, 2011, a 16-magnitude 7.1-magnitude earthquake occurred in Fukushima. Japan again issued tsunami warning and nuclear leak warnings.

The crisis is extremely serious
(NRC) Chair Yazko on the 16th at the congressional hearing said that the water in the waste fuel rod storage pool at No. 4 reactor at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan has dried up. The disaster situation is more serious than that of the Japanese authorities. He said that No. 4 reactor waste fuel rods are stored. There is no water in the pool and the on-site radiation reading is “very high”, which may affect the ability of rescue personnel to perform aftermath, because there will be fatal radiation in the short term. If the Yazco statement is correct, the rescue personnel will not be able to prevent the spent fuel rods from overheating and eventually melting. The outer shell of the spent fuel rods will also burn, releasing radioactive materials into vast areas. The United States has already proposed that the range of evacuation of the United States overseas near the Fukushima nuclear power plant is wider than the scope announced by the Japanese side, and both the United States and Japan have a great gap in their assessment of the disaster situation. Yumi Amano, the Director General of the IAEA, the UN nuclear watchdog, said that he is ready to travel to Japan and have first-hand information. Amano Amano believes that the development of the situation at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan is "very serious," but it is not the time to assert "out of control." Although the Ministry of Defense of Japan stated on the 17th that two helicopters of the Ground Self-Defense Force have already begun to flood the No. 3 unit of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. According to an NHK television station, local helicopters began to inject water to Unit 3 of the First Nuclear Power Station at about 11:01 a.m. local time. Such watering operations are believed to have been carried out at least four times. The picture shows the Land SDF helicopters flying to the nuclear power plant. [6] However, according to the Japan News Network, Tokyo Electric Power Fukushima Office reported that after the Japanese Land Self-Defense Force carried out aerial dewatering on the morning of the 17th, the nuclear radiation index of the Fukushima nuclear power plant has not changed. [7]
Reversal of the situation is long According to Reuters reports, Japan's exhausted engineers received cables on the outside of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on Saturday and competed for the second fastest time to avoid the deadly nuclear radiation crisis. The leakage level of the Fukushima nuclear power plant is at least the same as that of the 1979 nuclear leakage incident on San Francisco Island in the United States. However, some experts believe that the nuclear leakage in Fukushima is more serious than the San Francisco incident. The Chernobyl nuclear leakage was classified as seven. Japan experienced the triple crisis of unprecedented earthquakes, tsunami and nuclear leakage, which triggered turmoil in global financial markets, prompting the international community to reassess the safety of nuclear power plants, and also brought Japan the most serious test after World War II. Engineers also need to connect the cables to the nuclear power plant in an effort to restart the cooling water pump to cool the six nuclear reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Fukushima is located about 240 kilometers north of Tokyo. Nearly 300 engineers worked in the evacuation zone of the Fukushima nuclear power plant with a radius of 20 kilometers and tried their best to find a solution to restart the cooling water pump and cool the fuel rods of the four reactors. "Tokyo Electric has connected external power lines and confirmed that it can supply power," Tokyo Electric Power said in a statement. At the same time, the fire trucks sprinkled water on the No. 3 reactor overnight to cool their fuel rods, because the No. 3 reactor used mixed oxide fuels of uranium and highly toxic substances. Tokyo Electric officials stated that the engineers were laying another 1480m of cables in the nuclear power plant before the cooling water pump of the No. 2 reactor could be started. After that, the No. 1, No. 3 and No. 4 reactors would start the cooling water pumps one after another on weekends. If the cooling water pump can start, this battle against nuclear radiation will usher in a turning point. "If they successfully start the cooling facility and operate successfully, they will take an important step toward ensuring the stability of the nuclear power plant," said Eric Moore, a nuclear power expert at FocalPoint, a US consultancy. However, if this effort of Eastcom still fails to work, it will face the last resort - to "storage" reactors with concrete to prevent catastrophic nuclear leakage. In 1986, the huge leakage accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was finally solved by "storing" the reactor. As of March 28, according to the data that has been detected, the nuclear leakage in Japan has reached the pollution level of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Unpredictable and Unpredictable According to the "Sankei Shimbun" on March 25th, Japan's Tokyo Electric Power Company announced at a press conference on the morning of the 25th that due to the severe impact of the earthquake, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant appeared "can not be underestimated." The dangerous situation. Due to the abnormal monitoring of the amount of radiation accumulated in the underground water of reactors 1 and 2 of the nuclear power plant on the 25th, which is 10,000 times as usual, the repair work was suspended. According to reports, in the hydrogen explosion that occurred on March 15, the pressure control room inside the No. 2 reactor connected with the containment vessel was damaged. Due to water injection and cooling, a large amount of water accumulated in the basement of the reactor. Following the occurrence of anomalies in the water in the basement of the No. 1 reactor, the amount of underground water discharged by the No. 2 reactor is 10,000 times that of the normal state. In addition, the restoration of reactor No. 3 that was forced to be interrupted due to black smoke was restarted on the 24th, but three operators were seriously exposed to nuclear radiation and 2 of them were taken to the hospital. The anomalous emission of underground water in reactor No. 2 has become a major obstacle to the restoration work. At present, the repair work of reactors 1 and 2 has been forced to be completely interrupted.