The Occupational Disease Hazard and Prevention Measures of the Peasant Workers

Occupational diseases refer to diseases caused by the exposure of workers of enterprises, institutions, and individual economic organizations (hereinafter collectively referred to as employing units) to dust, radioactive substances, and other toxic and harmful substances during their professional activities. There are 115 major categories of statutory occupational diseases in China. Because the migrant workers in cities mostly work in poor production environments, the occupational hazards are particularly prominent. Especially in the production line, the possibility of being attacked by production dust is even greater and the hazard is even more serious.

Productive dust refers to solid particles generated in the production process that can float in the air for a long time, such as coal dust, cement dust, and quartz dust. These dusts mainly come from mining, rock drilling, blasting, tunneling, road construction, etc.; raw materials preparation for technical smelting industry, such as ore crushing, screening, transportation, etc.; casting industry with sand, sand, etc.; refractory materials, glass Raw material processing for cement, ceramics, raw material processing for the textile and fur industries, solid raw material processing and finished product packaging for the chemical industry. In the above process, if dust prevention measures are not perfect, there may be a large amount of dust emission.

Occupational hazards in cement production: The main hazards to the practitioners in cement production are dust, and a large amount of dust is produced in the processes of crushing, grinding, sieving, batching, kiln extraction, and packaging. Long-term inhalation of raw material dust can cause silicosis. Inhalation of burned clinker or cement dust can cause cement pneumoconiosis. When cement meets water or sweat, alkaline substances such as calcium hydroxide can be formed, which can cause dermatitis caused by the skin and cause conjunctivitis and keratitis in the eye. Raw material drying, shaft kiln calcination (145 °C) and other operating areas, high temperature, heat radiation. In addition, various levels of noise can be generated when various devices are in operation.

Hazard of welding operations: The major hazards of welding operations to workers include welding fumes and ultraviolet radiation. Long-term inhalation of dusty fumes can cause welders to pneumoconiosis. If the electrode used is a high-manganese electrode, long-term inhalation of flue gas may also trigger manganese poisoning. Strong ultraviolet rays in arc welding can cause electrooptic ophthalmia if they are not protected.

What are the occupational hazards of the paint job? The main occupational hazard of the paint job is the inhalation of organic solvent vapors. Various paints are composed of film-forming substances (various resins), solvents, pigments, desiccants, and additives. Ordinary paint usually uses gasoline as a solvent, epoxy iron red primer contains a small amount of xylene, impregnating paint mainly contains toluene, and a small amount of benzene. Spray paint (Nitrocellulose) and its diluent (banana water) contain a large amount of benzene or toluene, xylene. In the case of painting without protection, the concentration of benzene in the air of the workplace is quite high, which is harmful to the hematopoietic organs of the painting workers.

Patients with four diseases should not use dust

Among the occupational disease patients in China, the majority of pneumoconiosis patients. Pneumoconiosis is a systemic disease mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis in the lung tissue caused by long-term inhalation of productive dust during production activities. Early pneumoconiosis may have no clinical symptoms, but some patients have chest tightness, cough, and cough. As the above symptoms increase, there will be tightness, wheezing, difficulty breathing and other symptoms. Late emphysema and pulmonary heart disease may occur.

Patients suffering from the following four types of diseases should not be engaged in dust operations: 1. Active pulmonary tuberculosis or extrapulmonary tuberculosis, such as intestinal tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, etc.; 2. Chronic lung disease or severe chronic upper respiratory and bronchial diseases, such as significant lung Emphysema, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary parasites and protozoal diseases as well as atrophic rhinitis, nasal tumors, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, and severe chronic bronchitis; 3. Lung diseases or pleural changes that significantly affect lung function, such as Extensively severe pleural hypertrophy, adhesions, pleurisy, encapsulated pleural effusion, severe congenital or acquired thoracic deformity; 4. Severe cardiovascular system diseases, such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, organic heart disease and so on. For welding operations, people suffering from conjunctivitis cannot do the job because they are exposed to dust and UV hazards at the same time.

Prevention of pneumoconiosis is the key to dust prevention

Pneumoconiosis is completely preventable, and the key is dust prevention. Doing dust-proof work, dust concentration in the operating environment will be greatly reduced, to the national occupational health standards, you can basically prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis. The main technical measures for dust prevention can be summarized as "Xuan, leather, water, dense, wind, protection, pipe, and inspection". It means: declare, do a good job of propaganda and education, so that dust-proof work has become a conscious action of employees; reform, production technology innovation, is the fundamental measure to eliminate pneumoconiosis. Specifically, the dry operation is changed to a wet operation, and free-silica or low-content raw materials are used as far as possible to realize the mechanization, sealing, and automation of the production process; and the source of production dust is sealed; Use the ventilation to achieve the purpose of dust removal; protect, take personal protective measures and enhance physical fitness; management, strengthen technical management, establish a necessary dust control system; check, conduct regular health checks on workers exposed to dust, regularly measure dust concentration in the operating environment and Supervision and inspection.

In addition, because pneumoconiosis is a progressive disease, the vast majority of patients will continue to progress regardless of whether they are treated after diagnosis, from the period to the period, then from the period to the period, but each patient's progress rate is different, so pneumoconiosis Diseases should be reviewed regularly and checked once a year to determine the extent of their disease progression.

China Labor Insurance Network