The next nine new ceramics will be popular
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Due to their special properties, these ceramics can be used as engineering structural materials and functional materials in mechanical, electronic, chemical, smelting, energy, medical, laser, nuclear reaction, aerospace, etc. Some economically developed countries, especially Japan, the United States and Western Europe In order to accelerate the new technological revolution, lay a material foundation for the development of new industries, invest a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to research and develop special ceramics, so the development of new ceramics is very rapid, and there are also great breakthroughs in technology. New ceramics in modern industrial technology Especially in the field of high technology and new technology, the status is becoming more and more important.
New ceramics were developed in the twentieth century. Under the promotion and cultivation of modern production and science and technology, they "reproduced" very quickly, especially in the past two or three decades, new varieties emerged in an endless stream, and dazzling. You recommend nine new types of ceramics with the most investment value in 2011.
1 Oxide Ceramics: a, Alumina: It is one of the most widely used raw materials in new ceramic products, with a series of excellent properties. In addition, it is also a high temperature refractory material, abrasives, abrasives, laser materials and alumina gemstones, etc. B is an important raw material, zirconium oxide: it is an important raw material for high temperature structural ceramics, electronic ceramics and refractories C, titanium dioxide: it is an important raw material for manufacturing ceramic capacitors, piezoelectric ceramics, and ceramic thermal and other products d, oxide. beryllium: it is an important new ceramic material of high thermal conductivity e, iron oxide: it is an important raw material of the ferromagnetic material f, tin dioxide: widely used in electronic ceramics g, zinc oxide: it can make The mechanical and electrical properties of ceramic materials are improved. h, nickel oxide: used in heat-sensitive ceramics. i, lead oxide: mainly used in the synthesis of PbTiO3, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 and Pb (Mg1/3) , the main raw material Nb2 / 3) O3 of j, niobium pentoxide: in the electronic ceramic industry which is widely used, such as for producing low-temperature sintering of lead magnesium niobate monolithic capacitors, lithium niobate monocrystal main raw material At the same time, it can also be used as a modification additive. k, manganese oxide: such as making wet Degree sensor, overheat protector, etc. l, chrome oxide: used as a gas sensor, gas alarm in the ingredients. m, cobalt oxide: used in concentrating materials.
2 nitride ceramics: a, boron nitride: its heat resistance, high thermal shock resistance and high temperature strength are high, and can be processed into various shapes, so it is widely used as a processing material for various melts. Boron powders and products have good lubricity and can be used as fillers for metals and ceramics. They are the smallest specific materials in ceramic materials, so it is very advantageous for flying and structural materials. b, Aluminum nitride : It has excellent electrical insulation and dielectric properties. c, Silicon nitride: Its products can withstand the corrosion of various non-metallic solutions, can be used as crucible, thermocouple protection tube, furnace material, metal melting furnace or heat treatment The lining material. It is also an insulator and a dielectric, which can be applied to integrated circuits. In addition, silicon nitride has high hardness and can be used as an abrasive material. Its thermal shock resistance is high, and it is used to manufacture rocket nozzles and turbines. Suitable material for the blade.
3 carbide ceramics: a, titanium carbide: making tools, etc. b, boron carbide: it is a cermet, bearing, turning tool, etc. c, silicon carbide: using SiC has conductivity, can be used to manufacture high temperature electric furnace Electrothermal materials and semiconductor materials. Silicon carbide has high hardness, good wear resistance, good grinding performance, thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance, etc. It is a very important abrasive material. It can also be used as a flame spray engine tail spray. Tube and combustion chamber materials, as well as turbine drive wheels, bearings and blades for high temperature operations.
4 boride ceramics: a, zirconium boride: refractory material based on zirconium boride, can resist the corrosion of molten tin, lead, copper, aluminum and other metals, so it can be used as a mold for smelting various metals, enamel, plate ZrB12 has good thermal stability, and the continuous temperature measuring thermowell made of it can be used in molten molten iron for 10-15 hours and continuously used in molten steel (1700 °C) for several hours. , 100 hours in the molten brass and copper silicide ceramic ⑤:. a, molybdenum disilicide, can continue to be used when the air temperature reached 1700 ℃ thousands of hours, and therefore in supersonic aircraft, rockets, missiles, nuclear There are a wide range of uses in industry.
â‘¥ composite oxide raw material a, titanate: There BaTiO3, SrTiO3, CaTiO3, MgTiO3, and the like .BaTiO3 important raw material PbTiO3 piezoelectric, ferroelectric ceramics, b, zirconates: BaZrO3 and SrZrO3 main applications. on the core, an oscillator and the like C, stannates: main BaSnO3, CaSnO3, InSnO3, CaSnO3, NiSnO3 and PbSnO3, as used in the capacitor CaSnO3 d, niobate: LiNbO3 and main KnbO3 e,. Citrate: mainly BaSb2O6, PbSb2O6 and MgSb2O6, etc. f, aluminate: mainly MgAl2O4.g, aluminosilicate: mainly 3Al2O3o2SiO2.
7 rare earth oxide raw materials, such as: Yb2O3, Tu2O3, Nd2O3, Ce2O3, La2O3 and so on.
8 fluoride ceramics: magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, etc.
9 sulfide ceramics: zinc sulfide, barium sulfide, etc. In addition, there are arsenide ceramics, selenide ceramics, telluride ceramics, etc. In addition to single-phase ceramics mainly composed of one compound, there are two or two A composite ceramic composed of the above compounds. For example, a magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic composed of a combination of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide, a silicon oxynitride ceramic composed of a combination of silicon nitride and aluminum oxide, oxidized by chromium oxide. A calcium strontium chromate ceramic composed of strontium and calcium oxide, a lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic composed of zirconia, titanium oxide, lead oxide or cerium oxide. In addition, there is a large class in ceramics. Metal cermets formed by the addition of metals, such as oxide-based cermets, carbide-based cermets, boride-based cermets, etc., are also important varieties in modern ceramics.
In recent years, in order to improve the brittleness of ceramics, metal fibers and inorganic fibers have been added to the ceramic matrix. The fiber-reinforced ceramic composite material is the youngest but most promising branch of the ceramic family. Production, research and learning convenience, sometimes not according to chemical composition, and according to the properties of ceramics, they are divided into high-strength ceramics, high-temperature ceramics, high-toughness ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, electrolyte ceramics, semiconductor ceramics, Dielectric ceramics, optical ceramics (ie transparent ceramics), magnetic porcelain, acid-resistant ceramics and bioceramics, etc.